Researchers from Cape Peninsula University of Technology are using the emerging field of phytosome nanotechnology to enhance the bioavailability of Rooibos extracts. These extracts are intended for skin care formulations.
Previous studies that pointed to the protective effect of Rooibos against inflammation in skin cells, are what prompted Dr Mariska Lilly, senior researcher of proteomics & molecular biology at the Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI) of Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) to probe further.
“We knew that once the skin was exposed to sun’s UV rays, Rooibos extracts could remove precancerous damaged cells and block the onset of inflammation. They do this by hindering the multiplication of inflamed cells and eliminating them from the body.
“Our studies went a step further. Instead of just studying one biomarker, we looked at several, and found the same to be true. Rooibos indeed has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, which protects the skin from the damaging effects of the sun, changing environmental conditions and pollution. However, the concentration of the Rooibos extract must be just right.”
A popular antioxidant for cosmetics and supplements
She says it’s the combination of polyphenols (antioxidants) – natural compounds found in Rooibos – which gives it it’s restorative ability.
“Because of their potential health benefits to humans, phytochemicals in plants and herbs have been studied extensively in recent years. These compounds not only protect the plant throughout its lifecycle, but are responsible for its colour, aroma and flavour. Given their positive biological effect, higher safety margins and lower cost than synthetic agents, it has led to a significant increase in the demand for herbal products globally.”
Rooibos’ potent bioactivity against various diseases – by scavenging free radicals in the body and its ability to be utilised in the production of cosmetics and dietary supplements – has caught the attention of the scientific world and public at large. Researchers are studying its ability to heal wounds, relieve burns and other skin conditions, including eczema, acne, urticaria, pruritus, psoriasis and other bacterial and fungal skin diseases, among a host of other ailments.
Dr Lilly explains that up until now the bioavailability of many plant extracts, including Rooibos, has been stymied by its high molecular weight.
Move to enhance topical bioavailability
“By loading Rooibos’ polyphenolic compounds (extracts) in a novel nano-delivery system it will facilitate their penetration across the skin barriers, thereby enhancing their topical bioavailability. Nanocarriers will not only help to protect the bioactive compounds in Rooibos from oxidation and degradation, but can improve the solubility, absorption, long-term benefits, as well as their stability,” she comments.
“Phytosomes as lipid-based nanocarriers play a crucial function in the enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of Rooibos’ polyphenolic compounds and make nanotechnology a promising tool for the development of new topical formulations that will take Rooibos skin care to the next level,” Dr Lilly says.
Research to be followed clinical trials
Before making the Rooibos phytosome available to the market, more research will be conducted to determine the right concentration of Rooibos and rate of bioavailability. This will then be followed by clinical trials in humans where phytosome prototypes will be tested in small skin biopsies.
Dr Lilly says it could take another two to three years, but it’s a development that could revolutionise Rooibos skin care. This technology could also be used to make Rooibos more bioavailable in other forms, aside from skin care formulations.
Visit the SA Rooibos Council website for more information on Rooibos research.
